Power Generation Technology

Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. This mechanical energy can come from various sources like gasoline, diesel, natural gas, propane, or even renewable sources like wind or solar power. 

 The two main components of a generator are the engine and the alternator. The engine provides the mechanical power, while the alternator converts this mechanical energy into electrical energy. 

Generators come in various types, including portable generators for small-scale needs, standby generators for emergency backup power, and large industrial generators for powering factories and construction sites. 

 Generator capacity is measured in watts or kilowatts (kW) or (KVA). It's crucial to choose a generator with sufficient capacity to power the intended equipment.  

Diesel Generators produce carbon monoxide, an odorless and deadly gas. Always operate generators outdoors in a well-ventilated area and never run them in enclosed spaces. 

Regular maintenance, including oil changes, fuel checks, and filter replacements, is essential for ensuring optimal generator performance and longevity. 

There are various types of LED chips packages available in the LED lights market. The basic types are:

• DIP ( Dual inline Package)
• SMD ( Surface mounted diode)
• COB ( chip on board)
• MCOB ( multiple chips on boards)
• MCCOB ( multiple chips and cups on board).
• FC (Flip-Chip)

Although many LED lights bulbs or flood led lights products might look very much the same, internally they can be very different. When purchasing outdoor LED lights or indoor, you should ask yourselves these questions:

What lighting feature do I need, application, color, waterproof, etc?

Dimmable or non-dimmable?

How bright and what lumen ?

Led chips are made by many different companies and in may different countries. The most popular manufacturers are:

• CREE, Bridgelux( USA)
• Samsung, SSC, LG Innotok ( Korea)
• Nichia, Sharp, Toyoda (Japan(
• Osram(Germany)
• Philips ( Netherlands)
• Everlight, Epistar ( Taiwan)
  

The naked LED chips need to be protected from dust and moisture and other environmental hazards through a process termed ‘Encapsulation’ or packaging. This involves embedding the chips in epoxy resin. 

Encapsulation protect chip by using  adhesives as encapsulate. Most adhesives that are used for encapsulation are UV-curing epoxy resins, which can be cured within just a few seconds with UV light. 

All the different styles of chip have a grade. It is not enough just to be told it is a CREE or Epistar chip, you need to know the size and model of the chip, lumen per watt, CRI etc in order to determine the performance. 

 A color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source. 

CCT- Color temperature defines the color appearance of a white LED. CCT is defined in degrees Kelvin; a warm light around 2700K, moving to neutral white at around 4000K, and to cool white, at 5000K or more. The warmer the colour, the less lumens per watt achieved and visa versa. 

All LED chips are designed to operate under an optimum drive or forward current. This can be 350 mA, 700 mA, 900mA etc. This optimum current balances the amount of light given by the chip, with the ability to dissipate the heat from the base which is vital to ensure chip long life.

Lumen is measurement of light emitted by a lamp .This usually expressed as lumens per watt. 

The distribution of light on a horizontal surface. The purpose of all lighting is to produce illumination. 

The ratio of light produced to energy consumed. It's measured as the number of lumens produced divided by watt.

Dual In-Line Package LED technology has been around for more than 50 years. Though it is old, DIP LEDs are far from outdated as they are still used extensively today for large signs and displays. 

SMD chips (surface-mounted diodes ) can put 3 diodes on the same chip. When a chip includes a red, green, and blue diode, you have a chip that can create any color you want . 

The most recent LED development has been “Chip On Board” or COB technology. COB and SMD can be similar to SMD, COB chips that have multiple diodes on the same chip. However, this is where the similarities end. 

MCOB or “Multiple Chip On Board” and MCCOB ( multiple chips and cups on board). These devices are very similar to COB chips in their application and are more or less just multiple COB chips together in series.

FC (Flip-Chip) LED is a new patented technology by mounting the LED diode upside down compare to the present day COB LED production.

FC (Flip-Chip) LED is a new patented technology by mounting the LED diode upside down compare to the present day COB LED production.